The truth about Mud Fever in horses

What is mud fever in horses?

‘Mud Fever’, also known as pastern dermatitis, is a skin condition that causes irritation, soreness, and scabs with moist lesions underneath. Mud Fever in horses is usually found on the back of the horse’s heels and the fetlocks, but it can extend up the back of the legs. Infections can develop underneath the scabs and you may notice heat and swelling. The horse may react when pressure is applied or with flexion of the affected limb. In severe cases, hair loss can occur leaving exposed inflamed skin which may split open. As with any bacterial infection, if left untreated Mud Fever can become more serious, very quickly. Infection can spread further up the leg. This level of damage to the skin can result in the open sores being difficult to heal. And in severe cases, skin grafts may be required.

Mud Fever is caused by the bacteria (Dermatophilus Congolensis), which thrives in muddy, wet conditions. It generally arises during Winter and early Spring; however, it can continue to cause problems all year. Healthy skin would normally act as a barrier, however in muddy and wet conditions, the upper layer of skin can become compromised. This is because the continual damp conditions cause the protective layer to fail, making it vulnerable to infection.

How do I prevent mud fever in horses?

When it comes to Mud Fever prevention is key! Rotate the use of your paddocks to prevent them becoming badly churned up, as the bacteria are transmitted in the soil. Try to avoid your horse having to stand in deep mud by fencing high traffic areas such as gateways. Another preventative measure is to put down high quality hardcore in these areas to provide a standing surface and better drainage.

Refrain from washing off your horse’s legs when you bring him in. It is generally better to allow the mud to dry and then brush off with a soft bristled brush. If you must wash your horse’s legs, use a warm (never cold), clean water, and ensure you dry them thoroughly.

Use a specialised product to help protect the skin from moisture to help prevent Mud Fever. Use something that contains Lanolin which works by keeping the skin flexible and moisture proof forming a protective layer between the leg and mud.

How do you treat mud fever in horses?

In the unfortunate event that your horse does contract Mud Fever act fast! It is vital you keep him out of the mud and wet as much as possible.

For horses with thick feathers it is recommended to clip the hair away from the infected area. Clean the designated area using a warm dilute (0.1%) Hibiscrub solution, rinse it completely with warm, clean water. Removing the scabs helps the healing process because the bacteria thrives underneath them. Ensure you dry your horse’s legs thoroughly using a clean, dry, soft towel. Keeping your horse’s legs dry is crucial to treating Mud Fever successfully.

Once your horse’s legs are clean and dry, liberally apply a coat of barrier cream to the area.

If you can keep your horse in at night and cover the layer of barrier cream loosely in cling film. Cover with a clean, dry stable bandage and ensure your horse has clean, dry bedding.

If you are in any doubt, or the condition worsens contact your vet!

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